Diagnostic Modalities in Heart Failure: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Biomarker Research

Background:

• Heart failure (HF) affects millions, presenting acutely or chronically.
• HF diagnosis relies on ejection fraction classification and identifying underlying causes.
• Current diagnostic methods include cardiac catheterization, with a need for early detection strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current diagnostic modalities for heart failure.
• To explore novel techniques and biomarkers for HF diagnosis.
• To enhance understanding of HF detection and symptom management.

Main Methods:

• Conducted a narrative review of relevant literature.
• Searched online databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane.
• Focused on diagnostic techniques and emerging biomarkers for HF.

Main Results:

• Ejection fraction classification is key to defining HF types.
• Biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are crucial for diagnosis.
• Various biomarkers indicate myocardial stress and volume overload.

Conclusions:

• Early HF detection is critical for improved patient outcomes.
• Biomarker testing aids in confirming HF diagnosis and etiology.
• Novel diagnostic approaches are essential for advancing HF care.