Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

Phosphodiester Linkages

99.2K
Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...
99.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

TAF15 amyloids propagate via defined motifs in a prion-like fashion.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Rational design of flavivirus E protein vaccine optimizes immunogenicity and mitigates antibody dependent enhancement risk.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Macromolecular dimensions of a synthetic polyelectrolyte as a factor in its interactions with protein and cells: desirability for longer chains.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2025
Same author

Polyphosphazene-Mediated Assembly of TLR4 and TLR7/8 Agonists Enables a Potent Nano-Adjuvant Delivery System for Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine Antigens.

Vaccines·2025
Same author

Cyclic Macromolecular Chains Visualized by Cryo-EM and AFM Reveal a Ring Expansion Polymerization Mechanism in a Classical Synthetic Pathway to Polyphosphazenes.

ACS macro letters·2025
Same author

Glycoengineering of the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein improves biochemical properties and enhances immunogenicity.

NPJ vaccines·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

13.4K

Hydrolytically Degradable Zwitterionic Polyphosphazene Containing HEPES Moieties as Side Groups.

Harichandra D Tagad1, Alexander Marin1, Raman Hlushko1

  • 1Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States.

Biomacromolecules
|September 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new zwitterionic polymer using HEPES, offering a biodegradable alternative to PEG for biomedical applications. This novel material shows excellent biocompatibility and tunable degradation, ideal for drug delivery systems.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification
07:32

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Published on: April 7, 2017

9.4K
Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

28.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

13.4K
Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification
07:32

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Published on: April 7, 2017

9.4K
Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

28.9K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Zwitterionic polymers offer protein-repulsive and biocompatible properties, serving as alternatives to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG).
  • Current zwitterionic polymers lack structural diversity and inherent hydrolytical degradation capabilities, limiting their use in drug delivery.
  • Biodegradability is a crucial feature for advanced biomedical materials, especially for controlled release applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel zwitterionic polymer based on the buffering agent HEPES.
  • To investigate the hydrolytical degradation and in vitro compatibility of the synthesized polymer.
  • To explore the potential of this new polymer as a biomaterial for life science applications, particularly drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Covalent assembly of a multimerized form of HEPES onto a polyphosphazene backbone.
  • Characterization of the polymer's solution behavior and hydrolytical degradation patterns.
  • In vitro assessment of the polymer's biocompatibility and cell compatibility.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of a novel zwitterionic polymer with approximately two thousand HEPES units on a polyphosphazene backbone.
  • Demonstration of typical polyzwitterionic solution behavior and environmentally dependent hydrolytic degradation.
  • Exhibition of excellent in vitro compatibility, indicating low cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized HEPES-based zwitterionic polymer presents a promising biodegradable alternative to existing materials like PEG.
  • The polymer's tunable degradation and biocompatibility highlight its potential for advanced drug delivery systems.
  • This work expands the scope of zwitterionic polymer design for biomedical applications requiring controlled degradation and stealth properties.