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Hospital Readmissions Among Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.

Julie R Gaither1,2, Matthew J Drago3, Matthew R Grossman1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

JAMA Network Open
|September 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) face higher hospital readmission rates for various causes, including trauma and maltreatment. This highlights the need for integrated family support services addressing both substance use and parenting challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Health
  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) cases have risen significantly.
  • There is a lack of research on national hospital readmission rates for infants with NOWS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare 90-day hospital readmission rates for infants with and without NOWS.
  • To identify specific causes of readmission for infants diagnosed with NOWS.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study using Nationwide Readmissions Database (2016-2020).
  • Identified infants with NOWS using ICD-10-CM codes.
  • Used survey-weighted logistic regression to analyze readmission rates, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Infants with NOWS had a higher 90-day all-cause readmission rate (4.2%) compared to those without (3.0%).
  • NOWS was associated with increased odds of readmission for seizures, failure to thrive, traumatic brain injury, and skull fractures.
  • Infants with NOWS showed higher odds of readmission for confirmed maltreatment, including neglect and physical abuse.

Conclusions:

  • Infants with NOWS are at increased risk for hospital readmission due to various causes, including trauma and maltreatment.
  • Findings suggest a need for family-centered, in-home services supporting substance use treatment and parenting for mothers with opioid use disorder.