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The risk factors for long term cardiovascular symptoms in patients after coronavirus disease 2019 infection
1Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China.
Insights
Long COVID can cause lasting cardiovascular issues. Anxiety, depression, elevated C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and LDL-C are key risk factors for these post-COVID-19 symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Long-term cardiovascular sequelae following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection are increasingly recognized.
- Understanding the risk factors for these persistent symptoms is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify independent risk factors associated with the development of long-term cardiovascular symptoms after COVID-19 infection.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted with 204 COVID-19 patients.
- Demographic and laboratory data were analyzed using logistic regression to determine risk factors for post-COVID-19 cardiovascular symptoms.
Main Results:
- Fifty-two participants (25.5%) experienced post-COVID-19 cardiovascular symptoms.
- Significant associations were found between cardiovascular symptoms and higher prevalence of anxiety/depression (p=0.000), elevated C-reactive protein (p=0.014), and increased D-dimer levels (p=0.024).
- Independent risk factors identified include anxiety/depression (OR=6.403), C-reactive protein (OR=1.009), D-dimer (OR=1.455), and LDL-C (OR=1.780).
Conclusions:
- Anxiety, depression, elevated C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and LDL-C are significantly associated with the development of long-term cardiovascular symptoms post-COVID-19.
- These findings highlight the importance of monitoring mental health and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 survivors.
Introduction:
Presently, numerous studies have demonstrated that long-term cardiovascular changes after Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) infection should be considered. The study was aimed to explore the risk factors for post COVID-19 long-term cardiovascular symptoms.
Methods:
This retrospective observational cross-sectional study involved 204 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Yantaishan Hospital from January 1, 2023 to January 31, 2023. Demographic and laboratory data were collected and compared between patients who experienced post COVID-19 long-term cardiovascular symptoms and those who did not. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with the occurrence of post COVID-19 long-term cardiovascular symptoms.
Results:
Fifty-two participants presented Post COVID-19 cardiovascular symptoms, while the remaining 152 individuals did not show any such symptoms including chest pain, chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitations, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and postural tachycardia syndrome. In comparison to the group without post COVID-19 long-term cardiovascular symptoms, the group with post COVID-19 long-term cardiovascular symptoms exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of anxiety and depression (25.0% vs. 4.6%, p = 0.000), as well as significantly elevated C-reactive protein (42.3 mg/L vs. 20.3 mg/L, p = 0.014) and D-dimer (0.3 mg/L vs. 0.22 mg/L, p = 0.024). Anxiety and depression (odds ratio [OR] = 6.403, 95% confidence interval [CI]:2.180-18.809, p = 0.001), C-reactive protein (OR = 1.009, 95%CI:1.003-1.015, p = 0.006), D-dimer (OR = 1.455, 95%CI:1.004-2.109, p = 0.048), and LDL-C (OR = 1.780, 95%CI:1.043-3.040, p = 0.035) were identified as independent risk factors for post COVID-19 long-term cardiovascular symptoms.
Conclusion:
Anxiety and depression, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and LDL-C levels are associated with the development of post COVID-19 long-term cardiovascular symptoms.
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