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Fast Reactions

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling

Published on: November 11, 2008

An Automated Electrochemical Flow Platform to Accelerate Library Synthesis and Reaction Optimization.

Eduardo Rial-Rodríguez^1,2, Jason D Williams^1,2, David Cantillo^1,2,3

¹Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz,. Department, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|September 24, 2024

Summary

A novel automated electrochemical flow platform overcomes miniaturization challenges, enabling efficient C-N cross-couplings for medicinal chemistry and improving reaction yields through automated optimization.

Keywords:

Automation Electrocatalysis Electrochemistry Library Synthesis Medicinal Chemistry

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling

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Published on: November 11, 2008

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Optimization of Radiochemical Reactions using Droplet Arrays

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Published on: February 12, 2021

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Flow Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

Automated batch and flow systems are established in thermal and photochemistry.
Electrochemical platform development faces challenges in cell miniaturization and flow system design.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and implement a new slug-based automated electrochemical flow platform.
To demonstrate the platform's utility in C-N cross-couplings for medicinal chemistry.
To validate the platform's versatility through automated optimization.

Main Methods:

Development of a slug-based automated electrochemical flow system.
Application to electrochemical C-N cross-couplings with diverse amines.
Utilizing Design of Experiments (DoE) for automated reaction optimization.

Main Results:

Successfully demonstrated electrochemical C-N cross-couplings for 44 examples.
Platform applicability for medicinal chemistry confirmed through continuous-flow transfer.
Automated DoE optimization led to a 6-fold increase in reaction yield for a challenging target.

Conclusions:

The developed platform addresses key limitations in automated electrochemistry.
The system is versatile and applicable to medicinal chemistry synthesis.
Automated optimization significantly enhances reaction efficiency and yield.