Advanced technology in shoulder arthroplasty surgery: Artificial intelligence, extended reality, and robotics

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the integration of technological advancements in orthopedic shoulder surgery. Recent technological advancements in orthopedic shoulder surgery include predictive analytics, computer-navigated instrumentation for operative planning, extended reality, and robotics. Separately, these advancements provide distinct methodological attempts to improve surgical experiences and outcomes. Together, these technologies can provide orthopedic surgeons with the tools and capabilities to improve patient care and communication in shoulder arthroplasty. From artificial intelligence-generated predictive analytics to extended reality and robotics, technical innovations may lead to improvements in patient education, surgical accuracy, interdisciplinary communication, and outcomes. A comprehensive narrative review was conducted to explore the technological advancements of orthopedic shoulder arthroplasty. Our findings emphasized the impact of these advancements, exemplified by early enhancements in efficacy and safety. However, certain challenges remain, such as a lack of reproducibly improved outcomes and cost considerations. While the reviewed studies indicate hope for improving shoulder arthroplasty, the true cost-effectiveness and applicability remains to be determined, indicating the need for further research.