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Corneal Biomechanical Changes in Patients with Inherited Retinal Diseases.

Ana Marta1,2, André Ferreira1,3,4, Inês Couto1

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Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are linked to altered corneal biomechanics, indicating softer corneas in affected individuals. This finding may help identify non-retinal causes of vision loss in IRD patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Biomechanics
  • Retinal Diseases

Background:

  • Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a group of degenerative retinal disorders.
  • Anterior segment changes can occur in IRDs, but their prevalence and impact are unknown.
  • Understanding these changes may help identify non-retinal causes of vision loss, such as corneal ectasia or glaucoma susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure and compare corneal biomechanics in patients with and without IRDs.
  • To investigate potential links between IRDs and anterior segment pathologies.
  • To assess if corneal biomechanical parameters can differentiate IRD patients from healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 77 patients with IRD and 77 healthy controls, matched for age and spherical equivalent.
  • Utilized corneal tomography (Pentacam®) and biomechanical assessment (Corvis ST®).
  • Collected advanced biomechanical parameters: Ambrosio Relational Thickness (ARTh), Deflection Amplitude Ratio Max (DARM), Integrated Radius (IR), Stiffness Parameter at Applanation (SP-A1), Belin/Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD-D), Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI), and Tomographic Biomechanical Index (TBI).

Main Results:

  • IRD patients exhibited significantly higher DARM, CBI, TBI, and BAD-D (p < 0.001).
  • IRD patients showed significantly lower ARTh (p < 0.001) compared to controls.
  • ARTh demonstrated the highest sensitivity in discriminating between healthy subjects and IRD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with IRDs tend to have softer corneas compared to healthy individuals.
  • This softer corneal behavior may increase susceptibility to conditions like corneal ectasia or glaucoma.
  • ARTh can serve as a screening parameter for IRD patients when non-retinal causes of vision loss are suspected.