Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood
Published on: October 12, 2012
The Incidence of Thrombotic Events After the Concomitant Use of Andexanet alfa and 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex
Adham Mohamed1, Justin Shewmaker1, Timothy Berry1
1Saint Luke's Hospital of Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Limited data exists on the safety and efficacy with the concomitant use of 4 factor prothrombic complex concentrate (4F-PCC) and andexanet alfa (AA). This case series describes 7 patients at our institution who received both 4F-PCC and AA for the management of life-threatening bleeding associated with apixaban or rivaroxaban. Four patients received AA due to worsening bleeding after 4F-PCC. Of the 7 patients in this case series, 1 had a documented thrombotic event which was an acute ischemic stroke. The thrombotic event rate in our case series was similar to the incidence of thrombotic events reported with the use of AA alone. In-hospital mortality occurred in 2 of 7 patients with 1 additional patient discharged to hospice care.
Limited data exists on the safety and efficacy with the concomitant use of 4 factor prothrombic complex concentrate (4F-PCC) and andexanet alfa (AA). This case series describes 7 patients at our institution who received both 4F-PCC and AA for the management of life-threatening bleeding associated with apixaban or rivaroxaban. Four patients received AA due to worsening bleeding after 4F-PCC. Of the 7 patients in this case series, 1 had a documented thrombotic event which was an acute ischemic stroke. The thrombotic event rate in our case series was similar to the incidence of thrombotic events reported with the use of AA alone. In-hospital mortality occurred in 2 of 7 patients with 1 additional patient discharged to hospice care.
Related Concept Videos
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which...
Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis
Coagulation
During the coagulation phase, clotting factors, or procoagulants, play a vital role in initiating and progressing the coagulation cascade. This cascade is a series of reactions...
Disorders of Hemostasis
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Formation of the Platelet Plug
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...

