A Case Report of Hemiplegic Migraine with Mutation in the ATP1A2 Gene

Hemiplegic migraine, a less common variant of migraine, is the focus of this paper. Within the scope of this study, we present a case of hemiplegic migraine that bears the potential for misdiagnosis, particularly as encephalitis.

The patient developed a right-sided headache a day prior to admission, accompanied by fever, nausea, vomiting, and left-sided limb weakness. On the fourth day, the patient experienced a grand mal epilepsy, marked by unconsciousness, leftward deviation of both eyes, limb convulsions, and foaming at the mouth. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed no apparent abnormalities, Electroencephalography showed abnormal slow waves, imaging studies indicated swelling and meningeal thickening in the right cortex, and genetic testing identified a heterozygous mutation in the ATPIA2 gene. The diagnosis was hemiplegic migraine, and the patient received symptomatic supportive treatment, leading to improvement and subsequent discharge. Flunarizine and sodium valproate were prescribed post-discharge, and the patient achieved complete recovery after a one-month follow-up.

Apart from experiencing headaches, patients with hemiplegic migraine may exhibit additional symptoms like fever, epilepsy, and hemiplegia. These manifestations warrant clinical attention, and if deemed necessary, genetic testing should be conducted, and this is an autosomal dominant pattern.