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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...

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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow
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[Spontaneous oesophageal rupture].

Tormund Haugland Njølstad1, Jonas Torp Ohlsen2, Marjolein Henrieke Liedenbaum1

  • 1Radiologisk avdeling, Haukeland universitetssjukehus.

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
|September 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Spontaneous esophageal rupture, though rare, requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. This case underscores eosinophilic esophagitis as a potential underlying cause, emphasizing tailored management strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Esophageal Diseases
  • Medical Case Studies

Background:

  • Spontaneous esophageal rupture is a critical condition with variable symptoms and diagnostic challenges.
  • Prompt recognition and intervention are vital for patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A case study details a septuagenarian woman with sudden epigastric pain, diagnosed with esophageal rupture via CT and endoscopy.
  • Initial stent placement was followed by complications including fever, hypotension, and mediastinal abscess, necessitating further intervention.
  • Laparoscopy with lavage, debridement, abscess drainage, and chest tube insertion were performed.

Findings:

  • Esophageal rupture was confirmed, and eosinophilic esophagitis was identified as the likely underlying etiology.
  • Successful management involved a multidisciplinary approach including stent removal after 27 days.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering eosinophilic esophagitis in spontaneous esophageal rupture.
  • Effective treatment strategies for esophageal rupture depend on the underlying cause and clinical severity.