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Structural Steel Products

Structural Steel Products

Structural steel products are created within a structural mill. The process begins with a beam blank that is reheated and then fed through a series of rollers. These rollers progressively shape the metal into its final form. Adjusting the spacings between the rollers allows for the production of different sections with the same nominal dimensions.
Once shaped, the steel's final form emerges as a continuous length, which is then segmented by a hot saw into manageable pieces. These segments...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

Published on: May 14, 2016

Feature size specific processing parameters for additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V micro-strut lattices.

C O'Keeffe¹, W Zhang², R D Johnston¹

¹Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; AMBER, The SFI Research Centre for Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research, Ireland.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

|September 25, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing powder bed fusion parameters for micro-struts requires higher energy density due to heat loss. This improves mechanical properties by reducing defects and stress concentrations, but fatigue is limited by surface defects.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Lattice structures are critical in biomedical implants, but their performance depends on micro-strut material properties.
Defects from powder bed fusion (PBF), like porous inclusions, compromise mechanical integrity and implant safety.
A size effect exists, where defect frequency changes with feature size, necessitating tailored PBF parameters for micro-struts versus bulk components.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between parameter optimization and feature size in PBF-processed micro-struts.
To determine optimal energy density for micro-strut lattices to achieve desired relative density.
To assess the impact of optimized parameters on the mechanical and fatigue properties of micro-struts.

Main Methods:

Investigated parameter optimization for micro-strut lattices with varying feature sizes.
Utilized higher energy density for micro-strut processing compared to bulk components.
Assessed mechanical properties (strength, stiffness, failure strain) and fatigue behavior.

Main Results:

Higher energy density was required for micro-strut lattices to achieve optimal relative density, attributed to increased heat loss.
Optimized parameters significantly improved strength and stiffness by increasing load-bearing material volume.
Improvements in failure strain resulted from minimized stress concentrations around pore morphologies.
Fatigue properties did not surpass yielding effects, with crack initiation dominated by surface defects.

Conclusions:

Tailoring PBF parameters, specifically increasing energy density, is crucial for optimizing micro-strut lattices.
Optimized micro-struts exhibit enhanced strength and stiffness, but fatigue performance remains limited by surface defect severity.
Understanding the interplay between feature size, processing parameters, and defect formation is key for reliable additively manufactured lattice structures.