Synthesis and modification of noscapine derivatives as promising future anticancer agents

Noscapine, a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, was first isolated from Papaver somniferum and identified by Rabiquet in 1817. It has been used as an anti-tussive agent since the mid-1950 s. After the discovery of its anti-mitotic potential, it was into the limelight once again. Due to its low toxicity, high bioactivity and oral administration, It was regarded as a formidable framework for subsequent modification and advancement in the pursuit of innovative chemotherapeutic agents. Up to now, the rational derivatives of the noscapine have been designed and the biological activities of these analogues have been extensively investigated. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the chemical characteristics of noscapine and its semi-synthetic derivatives up to the present, encompassing a concise investigation into the biological properties of these compounds and additionally a discussion about biosynthesis and total synthesis of noscapine is also provided. In summary, our aim is to contribute to a more thorough comprehension of this structure. It can be asserted that a promising future lies ahead for noscapine and its engineered derivatives as noteworthy candidates for pharmaceutical drugs.