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Chromosomally located blaCMH in Enterobacter cloacae complex across human-bird-environment interfaces: A one-health

Jiewen Huang1, Nan Zhou2, Zile Cheng2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Health Science and Technology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|September 25, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Migratory birds carry third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) complex strains, including human-associated types. Genomic analysis reveals host jumps contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes globally.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) complex is a growing public health concern.
  • Migratory birds can act as reservoirs and vectors for the dissemination of resistant bacteria.
  • Understanding the role of the human-bird-environment interface in AMR spread is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate antimicrobial resistance in E. cloacae complex strains from migratory birds.
  • To analyze the genetic diversity and spread of resistant E. cloacae at the human-bird-environment interface.
  • To identify key resistance genes and their evolutionary history in E. cloacae.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and identification of E. cloacae complex from migratory bird specimens.
  • Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of E. cloacae isolates.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of blaCMH-carrying E. cloacae from global sources.

Main Results:

  • Eleven strains of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. cloacae were isolated from migratory birds.
  • Human-associated E. cloacae sequence types (STs) were detected in migratory birds.
  • blaCMH-4 and blaCMH-6 were identified as major resistance genes; global genomic analysis revealed China, Singapore, Nigeria, and the USA as key countries.
  • Phylogenetic analysis indicated host jumps contributing to the emergence of modern resistant strains.

Conclusions:

  • Migratory birds harbor multidrug-resistant E. cloacae, posing a risk at the human-bird-environment interface.
  • Genomic data illuminate the evolutionary pathways and global dissemination of AMR genes.
  • Effective monitoring and control strategies are essential to mitigate the spread of resistant E. cloacae.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistanceEnterobacter cloacae complexMigratory birdsThird-generation cephalosporinsbla(CMH)

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