Organophosphate ester exposure in nail salons: Health implications for workers

Area of Science:

• Environmental Health
• Occupational Health
• Toxicology

Background:

• Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as plasticizers in nail polish as safer alternatives to phthalates.
• Limited data exists on occupational exposure of nail salon workers to OPEs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the extent of nail salon workers' exposure to OPEs.
• To identify major OPEs and their sources within nail salons.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of mask usage in reducing exposure.

Main Methods:

• Air sampling using ultrasonic personal air samplers (UPAS).
• Analysis of OPEs in air conditioner filter dust, nail polish, and workers' urine.
• Comparison of OPE concentrations before and after work shifts.
• Assessment of TPHP exposure dose and the impact of mask use.

Main Results:

• Significant OPE concentrations detected in air, dust, masks, and urine.
• Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) was the most prevalent OPE in nail polishes and environmental samples.
• Workers' urine showed elevated TPHP and DPHP levels after work, particularly in high-usage salons.
• Mask use reduced OPEs in urine by an average of 77%.

Conclusions:

• Nail salon workers experience substantial occupational exposure to OPEs.
• TPHP is a primary OPE of concern in this setting.
• Regular mask replacement is vital to prevent secondary exposure from contaminated masks.
• Further attention is needed for the occupational health of nail salon workers, especially young women.