What defines a healthy gut microbiome?

Area of Science:

• Microbiome research
• Human health
• Gut health

Background:

• Microbiota-centered therapies are emerging due to the microbiome's influence on chronic diseases and treatment efficacy.
• The terms 'dysbiosis' and 'healthy individual' lack precise definitions in microbiome research.
• Defining a healthy microbiome is complicated by individual variability and multifactorial influences.

Purpose of the Study:

• To advocate for a clearer definition of a 'healthy microbiome' by considering diverse health factors.
• To explore the complexities and challenges in defining 'gut health' beyond microbial composition.
• To highlight the need for precise and inclusive methodologies in microbiome research.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and critical analysis of current microbiome research concepts.
• Discussion of challenges in defining healthy individuals and healthy microbiomes.
• Exploration of factors influencing the gut microbiome, including diet, lifestyle, and environment.

Main Results:

• The term 'dysbiosis' is imprecisely used, linking microbial imbalances to chronic illnesses without clear definition.
• Defining 'healthy individuals' and consequently a 'healthy microbiome' is challenging due to numerous variables.
• Distinguishing causation from correlation between gut microbiome and health remains a significant hurdle.

Conclusions:

• A universally accepted definition of 'gut health' is difficult to establish due to measurement complexities and individual variability.
• Comprehensive gut health assessments are resource-intensive, limiting their widespread application.
• Continued research with nuanced approaches and precise definitions is crucial for advancing microbiome science and understanding gut health.