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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Human Brain Modulation – Optimized Protocols for Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation Experiments
Published on: June 28, 2024
Transcranial Focused Ultrasound: A History of Our Future
Abdul-Kareem Ahmed1, Graeme F Woodworth1, Dheeraj Gandhi2
1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Abstract:
The history of focused ultrasound is a parallel history of neuroradiology, functional neurosurgery, and physics and engineering. Multiple pioneers collaborated as ultrasound transitioned from a wartime technology to a therapeutic one, particularly in using it to ablate the brain to treat movement disorders. Several competing technologies ensured that this "ultrasonic neurosurgery" remained in a lull. An algorithm and other advancements that obviated a craniectomy for ultrasonic neurosurgery allowed magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound to flourish to its modern phase.
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