Androgen and Cortisol Cosecreting Adrenal Adenoma and Tuberculous Lymphadenitis

The differential diagnosis between malignant and benign adrenal cortical tumors is challenging, and concurrent androgen and cortisol production should raise  suspicion of a malignant tumor. We present the case of a 36-year-old woman who exhibited pronounced hirsutism, clitoromegaly, and secondary amenorrhea. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 35 × 27 mm right adrenal mass with unenhanced CT attenuation of 40 Hounsfield units (HUs). The mass exhibited absolute and relative washout rates of 50% and 28%, respectively, and was accompanied by a 25 × 20 mm adenopathy located in the hepatogastric space. Total testosterone was elevated by 247 ng/dL (8.56 nmol/L) (normal reference range, 10-75 ng/dL; 0.34-2.6 nmol/L). A 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test revealed an elevated serum morning cortisol concentration of 10.57 μg/dL (291.58 nmol/L) (reference range, <1.8 μg/dL; < 49.66 nmol/L). A fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scan revealed increased uptake in both the adrenal mass and the adenopathy. Subsequently, the patient underwent an open right adrenalectomy and lymphadenectomy. Histological examination revealed the presence of an adrenal adenoma with myelolipomatous metaplasia, as well as a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the adenopathy.