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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

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β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Updated: Jun 13, 2025

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
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Heart Failure Among Asian American Subpopulations.

Yan Cheng1,2, Adrienne N Poon3, Youxuan Ling1

  • 1Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, George Washington University, Washington, DC.

JAMA Network Open
|September 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart failure (HF) incidence and prevalence vary significantly among Asian American subgroups. Southeast Asian patients showed higher HF rates, comparable to Black patients, highlighting the need for ethnic-specific risk assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of mortality in the United States.
  • Existing data on HF burden in Asian American populations, particularly subgroups, is limited and inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence and prevalence of heart failure (HF) across different Asian American subgroups.
  • To identify disparities in HF outcomes among racial and ethnic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study utilizing electronic health record data from 2015-2019.
  • Inclusion of patients aged 40 years or older from over 100 US healthcare systems.
  • Analysis of HF incidence and prevalence using ICD codes, standardized for age and sex.

Main Results:

  • Significant variations in age- and sex-standardized HF incidence were observed among Asian American subgroups.
  • Southeast Asian patients had a higher HF incidence (2.26%) compared to White patients (1.58%), similar to Black patients (2.39%).
  • East Asian (1.22%) and South Asian (1.56%) patients also showed distinct HF incidence rates, with heterogeneous prevalence rates noted.

Conclusions:

  • Disparities in HF outcomes exist between Asian American subgroups, with Southeast Asians exhibiting rates similar to Black patients.
  • Findings underscore the importance of considering individual Asian ethnicities and specific cardiovascular risk factors in HF risk assessment.
  • The study highlights the need for tailored public health strategies addressing HF in diverse Asian American communities.