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Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

127

Practical Approach to Orbital Lesions by Anatomic Compartments.

Guilherme Gotti Naves1, Heytor José de Oliveira Cabral1, Helen Ribeiro de Oliveira1

  • 1From the Department of Radiology, Head and Neck Section, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, R. Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior 112, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP 01221-010, Brazil (G.G.N., H.J.d.O.C., H.R.d.O., T.L.P.D.S., F.B.A.); Department of Radiology, Head and Neck Section, Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (T.L.P.D.S., H.B.Z., F.B.A.); Department of Radiology, Head and Neck Section, Hospital do Coração: São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (H.B.Z.); and Department of Radiology, Head and Neck Section, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (H.B.Z.).

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|September 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Radiologists can improve orbital diagnoses by dividing the orbit into anatomic compartments. This approach helps identify common pathologic conditions within specific orbital spaces, aiding differential diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Orbital diseases present diverse pathologies, often categorized broadly as neoplastic or inflammatory.
  • Conventional diagnostic approaches may overlook specific spatial distributions of orbital conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an anatomic compartmentalization strategy for diagnosing orbital pathologies.
  • To correlate imaging findings with specific orbital compartments for improved diagnostic accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common orbital pathologic conditions.
  • Segmentation of the orbit into intraconal, conal, and extraconal compartments.
  • Inclusion of the optic nerve sheath complex and lacrimal apparatus as distinct compartments.

Main Results:

  • Anatomic segmentation aids in predicting likely pathologies within specific orbital regions.
  • This approach facilitates the differential diagnosis of lesions with overlapping imaging features.
  • Common conditions affecting each compartment are reviewed with associated clinical and imaging findings.

Conclusions:

  • Anatomically segmenting the orbit provides a systematic framework for evaluating orbital diseases.
  • This method enhances diagnostic precision for radiologists encountering orbital lesions.
  • The approach is valuable for differentiating various neoplastic and inflammatory orbital conditions.