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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Related Experiment Video

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Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position
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Acetabular fracture in India: An epidemiological study.

Ramesh Kumar Sen1, Vivek Trikha2, Umesh Meena3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics Max Hospital, Mohali, India.

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma
|September 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Acetabular fractures in India predominantly affect young males due to high-energy trauma. Posterior wall fractures are most common, with the Kocher-Langenbeck approach frequently used for surgical management.

Keywords:
AcetabulumEpidemiologyFractureIndiaPelvis-acetabulumRegistry

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic surgery
  • Trauma care
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Acetabular fractures are complex injuries often resulting from high-energy trauma.
  • The incidence of these fractures is increasing, particularly in diverse populations.
  • Understanding epidemiological patterns in India is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the demographic characteristics, fracture patterns, and surgical approaches for acetabular fractures in India.
  • To provide insights into the epidemiology of acetabular trauma in a large Indian cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 3643 patients from four level-1 trauma centers in India (2001-2019).
  • Inclusion criteria required complete clinical and radiological data, including CT scans.
  • Data evaluated demographics, fracture types, associated injuries, and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • The majority of patients were young males (84.05%), with 44.9% aged 19-40.
  • Posterior wall fractures were most common (20.7%); pelvic injuries were the most frequent associated injury (9.8%).
  • Operative management was used in 82% of cases, with the Kocher-Langenbeck approach being most common (42.5%).

Conclusions:

  • High-velocity trauma is the primary cause of acetabular fractures in young Indian males.
  • Posterior wall fractures and associated pelvic injuries are prevalent.
  • The Kocher-Langenbeck approach is the preferred surgical method.