Neonatal Achalasia Cardia: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Gastroenterology
• Esophageal Motility Disorders
• Surgical Neonatology

Background:

• Achalasia cardia is a rare esophageal motility disorder characterized by the failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax.
• While common in adults, infantile achalasia is exceptionally rare, with few reported cases.
• Infants may present with regurgitation, vomiting, respiratory issues, and failure to thrive, often misdiagnosed as GERD.

Observation:

• This report details a female newborn exhibiting symptoms consistent with achalasia from birth.
• The infant presented with classic signs including regurgitation and failure to thrive.
• Early diagnosis and intervention were crucial for managing this rare condition.

Findings:

• The newborn underwent successful surgical treatment involving Heller's esophagocardiomyotomy and Nissen's fundoplication.
• Post-operative follow-up confirmed the infant is asymptomatic.
• The surgical approach effectively resolved the esophageal motility disorder.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering infantile achalasia in newborns with unexplained feeding difficulties and respiratory symptoms.
• Heller's esophagocardiomyotomy combined with Nissen's fundoplication is an effective surgical strategy for treating neonatal achalasia.
• Successful surgical management leads to improved growth and well-being in affected infants.