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Orthotopic Kidney Auto-Transplantation in a Porcine Model Using 24 Hours Organ Preservation And Continuous Telemetry

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ChatGPT Solving Complex Kidney Transplant Cases: A Comparative Study With Human Respondents.

Michal A Mankowski¹, Ian S Jaffe¹, Jingzhi Xu¹

¹Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Clinical Transplantation

|September 27, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

ChatGPT 4 Visual demonstrated strong performance on kidney transplantation questions, matching nephrology fellows and program directors. Newer versions show improved accuracy, but ChatGPT remains a supplementary tool for experts.

Keywords:

ChatGPT artificial intelligence generative pretrained transformer kidney transplantation quiz

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Medical Education

Background:

ChatGPT shows general medical knowledge but may struggle with specialized fields like kidney transplantation.
Evaluating ChatGPT's capabilities in kidney transplantation is crucial for understanding its potential role.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the performance of different ChatGPT versions (3.5, 4, 4 Visual) on kidney transplantation knowledge.
To compare ChatGPT's accuracy against human experts including nephrology fellows and program directors.

Main Methods:

Three versions of ChatGPT were tested using 12 multiple-choice questions from American Society of Nephrology fellowship quizzes.
Performance was benchmarked against responses from US nephrology fellowship program directors, fellows, and Kidney Week attendees.

Main Results:

ChatGPT 4 Visual achieved 10/12 correct answers, comparable to nephrology fellows (9/12) and program directors (11/12).
Performance improved with newer versions: ChatGPT 4 (7/12) and 3.5 (5/12).
All ChatGPT versions struggled with questions lacking clear consensus among human experts.

Conclusions:

Iterative ChatGPT versions demonstrate enhanced performance in kidney transplantation knowledge.
ChatGPT 4 Visual's accuracy rivals that of experienced nephrology professionals.
ChatGPT shows potential as a supportive tool, not a replacement for human expertise in kidney transplantation.