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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts

Published on: September 16, 2009

Automatic Classification of Anomalous ECG Heartbeats from Samples Acquired by Compressed Sensing.

Enrico Picariello¹, Francesco Picariello¹, Ioan Tudosa¹

¹Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 27, 2024

Summary

This study introduces a novel method for classifying anomalous heartbeats using compressed electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The technique achieves high accuracy, offering a promising approach for cardiac monitoring.

Keywords:

ECG Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)compressed ECG classification ensemble classifier machine learning wearable health device (WHD)

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts

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Published on: September 16, 2009

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Published on: April 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Signal Processing
Cardiology

Background:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are crucial for diagnosing heart conditions.
Compressed sensing enables efficient ECG data acquisition.
Accurate classification of anomalous heartbeats is vital for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel method for classifying anomalous heartbeats from compressed ECG signals.
To leverage compressed sensing for efficient cardiac signal analysis.
To improve the accuracy and efficiency of arrhythmia detection.

Main Methods:

Feature extraction using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients of compressed ECG signals.
Classification employing k-nearest neighbor (KNN) ensemble classifiers.
Utilizing signals acquired via compressed sensing technology.

Main Results:

Achieved a classification accuracy of 99.40% for anomalous heartbeats.
Successfully classified five distinct classes of anomalous heartbeats.
Demonstrated the effectiveness of DCT and KNN ensembles on compressed signals.

Conclusions:

The proposed method offers a highly accurate approach for anomalous heartbeat classification.
Compressed sensing combined with DCT and KNN ensembles is effective for ECG analysis.
This technique holds potential for real-time cardiac monitoring and diagnosis.