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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating Immune Cell Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment — Challenges and Innovations in Cancer Prognosis
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Characterizing the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Prognostic Impact in Breast Cancer.

Wenjuan Zhang1, Alex Lee2, Amit K Tiwari3

  • 1MidSouth Bioinformatics Center and Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.

Cells
|September 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Breast cancer patients with low immune cell infiltration have poorer survival. This study reveals distinct immune profiles, mutations, and signaling pathways linked to patient outcomes, aiding in treatment stratification.

Keywords:
cell communicationimmunosuppressiontumor immune infiltrationtumor microenvironment

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Analyzing the Communication Between Monocytes and Primary Breast Cancer Cells in an Extracellular Matrix Extract ECME-based Three-dimensional System
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences cancer progression and treatment efficacy.
  • Immunotherapy is a key cancer treatment, but patient responses in breast cancer vary widely.
  • Understanding the immune landscape within the TME is critical for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immune landscape and cell-cell communication in the breast cancer TME.
  • To identify distinct immune infiltration profiles and their correlation with clinical outcomes.
  • To uncover specific mutations and signaling pathways associated with different immune infiltration patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data from breast cancer patients.
  • Clustering analysis to categorize patients based on immune cell infiltration levels.
  • Investigation of ligand-receptor interactions to understand cell-cell communication within the TME.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct patient groups were identified: high, moderate, and low T cell infiltration.
  • Low immune infiltration correlated with the poorest survival rates.
  • Specific mutations (TP53, PIK3CA) and signaling pathways (SPP1, EGF) were associated with different infiltration groups, suggesting roles in immune suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Immune infiltration levels in breast cancer TME provide valuable prognostic information.
  • Distinct immune profiles, genetic mutations, and signaling pathways characterize patient groups with varying outcomes.
  • Findings offer insights into mechanisms of immune suppression and potential targets for therapeutic strategies.