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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
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Intraportal Transplantation of Pancreatic Islets in Mouse Model
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Microgravity Effect on Pancreatic Islets.

Lukas Zeger1, Povilas Barasa2, Yilin Han1

  • 1Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden.

Cells
|September 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microgravity exposure significantly enhances beta-cell proliferation in pancreatic islets, particularly in 3D-printed structures, with effects potentially emerging after a delay. This finding offers new avenues for regenerative medicine and diabetes research.

Keywords:
3D printingbeta-celldelayed effectdiabetesmicrogravityneural stem cellpancreatic isletsproliferation

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Area of Science:

  • Space Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Boundary cap neural crest stem cells (BCs) promote beta-cell proliferation and enhance pancreatic islet (PI) survival.
  • BCs exhibit increased proliferation after space condition exposure.
  • The effect of microgravity on beta-cell proliferation in PIs, alone or with BCs, remains to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of microgravity on beta-cell proliferation within pancreatic islets.
  • To compare the effects of microgravity on free-floating PIs versus PIs in 3D-printed scaffolds, with and without BCs.
  • To assess the delayed effects and long-term proliferation capacity of beta-cells post-microgravity exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Pancreatic islets (PIs), alone or with boundary cap neural crest stem cells (BCs), were subjected to microgravity (µg) for 6 minutes during the MASER 15 sounding rocket experiment.
  • Cells were prepared in free-floating and 3D-printed formats.
  • The proliferation marker EdU was administered before µg exposure.
  • Morphological assessments and proliferation analysis were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Pancreatic islets survived and proliferated significantly, especially in free-floating conditions, though fusion complicated analysis.
  • Beta-cell proliferation was observed in 3D-printed islets two weeks after µg exposure, indicating a potential delayed effect.
  • 3D-printed scaffolds prevented islet fusion, proving more suitable for morphological analysis in microgravity studies.
  • Pancreatic islets retained enhanced proliferation capacity for weeks post-µg exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Microgravity exposure can induce beta-cell proliferation in pancreatic islets, with a notable delayed effect observed in 3D-printed structures.
  • 3D-printed pancreatic islet scaffolds are advantageous for microgravity research due to preventing fusion and allowing clearer morphological analysis.
  • Pancreatic islets exhibit sustained increased proliferation capacity after microgravity exposure, suggesting potential for future therapeutic applications in diabetes treatment.