Correlation between Implant Surface Roughness and Implant Stability: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Implantology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Dental implant surface characteristics significantly influence osseointegration and stability.
• Understanding the relationship between implant surface roughness and stability is crucial for successful dental restorations.
• Existing literature presents varied findings on the impact of surface roughness on early implant stability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and synthesize existing data on the correlation between dental implant surface roughness and implant stability.
• To determine if specific surface roughness parameters are more favorable for achieving optimal implant stability and osseointegration.
• To evaluate implant stability from placement up to three months post-placement.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
• Literature search conducted across Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library up to October 2023.
• Inclusion of 11 studies involving 1331 dental implant placements (in vivo and in vitro).

Main Results:

• Ten of eleven studies found no statistically significant correlation between implant surface roughness and primary stability, as measured by resonance frequency analysis (RFA).
• A correlation was observed between implant roughness and osseointegration, particularly concerning secondary stability, indicated by bone-implant contact values.
• Significant methodological variability across studies hinders direct comparisons and definitive conclusions.

Conclusions:

• Implant surface roughness does not appear to be a critical factor for achieving primary implant stability.
• Surface roughness may play a more significant role in secondary stability and the degree of osseointegration.
• Standardization of methodologies is recommended for future research to enable more robust conclusions on implant surface properties and stability.