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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers

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Physiological Regularity and Synchrony in Individuals with Gaming Disorder.

Hung-Ming Chi¹, Tzu-Chien Hsiao^2,3

¹Department of Medical Informatics, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 27, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Breathing exercises may improve physiological synchrony during gaming for individuals with gaming disorder (GD). This research explored how breathing exercises impact pulse wave and movement regularities in GD patients, potentially reducing addictive behaviors.

Keywords:

abdominal wall movement gaming disorder physiological complexity pulse wave sample entropy thoracic wall movement vascular-respiratory coupling

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Area of Science:

Physiology
Autonomic Nervous System Research
Behavioral Science

Background:

Individuals with gaming disorder (GD) often experience emotional dysregulation and autonomic dysfunction.
Breathing exercises (BE) are known to improve cardiopulmonary synchrony, but their effect on physiological regularity in GD is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the physiological regularity and synchrony of pulse wave (PW), thoracic wall movement (TWM), and abdominal wall movement (AWM) in individuals with GD.
To assess the impact of breathing exercises (BE) on these physiological parameters during online gaming.

Main Methods:

Sample entropy (SE) was used to measure the regularity of PW, TWM, and AWM.
Cross-sample entropy (CSE) was employed to evaluate vascular-respiratory (PW-TWM, PW-AWM) and thoracic-abdominal synchrony (TWM-AWM).
Twenty individuals with GD and 26 healthy controls (HC) were studied during baseline, gaming, and recovery phases, before and after BE.

Main Results:

Both groups exhibited increased SE_TWM, SE_AWM, and CSE_TWM-AWM during gaming compared to baseline.
Before BE, the GD group showed higher CSE_PW-TWM and CSE_PW-AWM during gaming than the HC group.
After BE, both groups showed reduced SE_TWM and CSE_TWM-AWM during gaming, with a more pronounced effect in the HC group.

Conclusions:

Online gaming can lead to irregularities in pulse waves, respiration, and thoracic-abdominal movement synchrony.
Individuals with GD may have reduced vascular-respiratory synchrony during prolonged gaming.
Specific physiological measures (SE_TWM, SE_AWM, CSE_TWM-AWM, CSE_PW-TWM, CSE_PW-AWM) could serve as biomarkers for GD risk.
Breathing exercises show potential in improving TWM regularity and vascular-respiratory synchrony during gaming, possibly mitigating addictive behaviors.