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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra
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Peripheral Lipid Signatures, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Pathophysiology in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.

Sally Wu1,2, Kristoffer J Panganiban1,2, Jiwon Lee1,2

  • 1Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada.

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|September 27, 2024
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Summary

Metabolic dysfunction in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) involves altered lipid metabolism. This review found specific lipid changes in patients with minimal antipsychotic (AP) exposure and those undergoing AP treatment, suggesting lipids

Keywords:
antipsychoticslipidomicslipidsmetabolic dysfunctionpsychosisschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Metabolic dysfunction is a common comorbidity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs).
  • Causes are multifactorial, involving intrinsic disorder-related factors and antipsychotic (AP) medication side effects.
  • Dysregulated lipid metabolism is a potential underlying mechanism for SSD pathophysiology and AP-induced metabolic issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review peripheral lipid signatures dysregulated in individuals with SSDs.
  • To analyze lipid changes in SSD patients with minimal AP exposure versus those undergoing AP treatment.
  • To identify specific lipid metabolites and their dysregulation patterns in SSDs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies using lipidomics in SSD patients.
  • Searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsychINFO databases in February 2024.
  • Extracted significantly differing lipid signatures and their direction of dysregulation compared to controls or across treatment phases.

Main Results:

  • 46 studies met inclusion criteria.
  • In minimally AP-exposed SSD patients, glycerophospholipids were predominantly downregulated.
  • In AP-treated SSD patients, fatty acyls showed conflicting dysregulation; glycerophospholipids and fatty acyls were altered pre- to post-treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral lipid dysregulation is evident in SSDs, both with and without AP treatment.
  • Specific lipid classes like glycerophospholipids and fatty acyls may play roles in SSD pathophysiology.
  • These altered lipids could influence inflammation, cell permeability, and metabolic signaling, contributing to metabolic dysfunction.