Current Research Status, Opportunities, and Future Challenges of Nine Representative Persistent Herbicides

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Environmental Science
• Ecotoxicology

Background:

• Persistent herbicides are vital for modern agriculture, improving crop yields and reducing labor costs through infrequent application.
• However, their residues pose significant risks to soil health, subsequent crop phytotoxicity, product quality, and the broader ecological environment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review nine persistent herbicides, detailing their mechanisms, risks, ecotoxicology, and residue analysis.
• To provide guidance for scientific and rational herbicide use, minimizing phytotoxicity and managing soil pollution.
• To offer practical recommendations for mitigating environmental risks and informing soil pollution monitoring and prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of persistent herbicides: atrazine, imazethapyr, imazapic, mesosulfuron-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, fomesafen, diflufenican, quinclorac, and pyroxasulfone.
• Analysis of mechanisms of action, application risks, ecotoxicology, and residue detection methods.
• Synthesis of findings to address scientific and rational utilization, risk mitigation, and pollution control.

Main Results:

• Detailed examination of the properties and impacts of nine key persistent herbicides.
• Identification of risks associated with herbicide residues in agricultural systems.
• Evaluation of current methods for residue analysis and ecotoxicological assessment.

Conclusions:

• Scientific and rational application of persistent herbicides is crucial for balancing agricultural productivity with environmental safety.
• Effective monitoring and control of soil pollution from herbicide residues are essential for sustainable agriculture.
• Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps in herbicide risk management and environmental impact assessment.