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Inequities in Self-Reported Social Risk Factors by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity.

Kevin H Nguyen¹, Timothy W Levengood¹, Allegra R Gordon²

¹Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.

JAMA Health Forum

|September 27, 2024

Summary

Sexual and gender minority adults experience higher rates of social risk factors (SRFs) like food insecurity and stress. Addressing these disparities through policy and community support is crucial for improving health equity.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Health Disparities
Sociology

Background:

Sexual minority and gender minority adults face worse health outcomes than heterosexual and cisgender adults.
Social risk factors (SRFs) are linked to health, but their prevalence in sexual and gender minority populations is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence of various social risk factors (SRFs) among adults based on their sexual orientation and gender identity.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study utilized data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2022-2023) for adults in 22 US states.
Self-reported sexual orientation and gender identity were analyzed against outcomes like social isolation, food insufficiency, and stress using multivariable linear regression.

Main Results:

Sexual minority women reported higher SRF prevalence (58.1%) than heterosexual women (36.5%), notably in social isolation and stress.
Sexual minority men also showed higher SRF prevalence (51.1%) than heterosexual men (34.0%), particularly in life dissatisfaction and stress.
Gender minority adults had a significantly higher prevalence of SRFs (64.1%) compared to cisgender adults (37.1%), with marked increases in social isolation and stress.

Conclusions:

Sexual and gender minority adults are disproportionately affected by multiple social risk factors.
Implementing policies and community systems to promote socioeconomic equity for these populations is essential for improving health outcomes.