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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

2.7K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
2.7K
Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

3.3K
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
3.3K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

2.5K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
2.5K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

1.9K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
1.9K
Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

2.8K
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
2.8K
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.2K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

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Measuring Topological Constraint Relaxation in Ring-Linear Polymer Blends.

Daniel L Vigil1, Ting Ge2, Michael Rubinstein3,4

  • 1<a href="https://ror.org/01apwpt12">Sandia National Laboratories</a>, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Topological constraints in polymer blends are efficiently evaluated using the Gauss linking integral. This method reveals that in blends with more linear than ring polymers, constraint relaxation depends on linear polymer reptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Polymer Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Polymers offer diverse chain topologies for studying topological constraints.
  • Blends of linear and ring polymers exhibit emergent rheological properties, often exceeding the viscosity of individual components.
  • These emergent behaviors stem from long-lived topological constraints formed when linear polymers thread ring polymers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of the Gauss linking integral for quantifying topological constraint relaxation in ring-linear polymer blends.
  • To elucidate the relationship between polymer topology and blend rheology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Gauss linking integral to efficiently calculate the relaxation dynamics of topological constraints.
  • Investigated ring-linear polymer blends, focusing on majority-linear compositions.

Main Results:

  • The Gauss linking integral provides an efficient method for evaluating topological constraint relaxation.
  • In majority-linear blends, the relaxation rate is predominantly governed by the reptation dynamics of the linear polymers.
  • The diffusive time for rings (τ_{d,R}) in such blends scales with ring length (N_{R}) and linear chain length (N_{l}) as τ_{d,R}∼N_{R}^{2}N_{L}^{3.4}.

Conclusions:

  • The Gauss linking integral is a powerful tool for understanding topological dynamics in polymer blends.
  • The reptation of linear polymers is the primary mechanism controlling topological constraint relaxation in majority-linear blends.
  • The scaling relationship provides quantitative insights into the rheological behavior of these complex polymer systems.