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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
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Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

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In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping
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Concurrent oxygen evolution reaction pathways revealed by high-speed compressive Raman imaging.

Raj Pandya1,2,3, Florian Dorchies4,5, Davide Romanin6,7

  • 1Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, Paris, France. raj.pandya@warwick.ac.uk.

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|September 27, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Compressive Raman imaging reveals new oxygen evolution reaction (OER) pathways in transition metal oxides. This technique tracks catalytic activation and charge compensation, improving water electrolysis efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Transition metal oxides are key electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), crucial for water electrolysis.
  • Slow OER kinetics limit overall water electrolysis efficiency.
  • Probing OER mechanisms is challenging due to material heterogeneity and dynamic surface/bulk reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bias-dependent OER pathways in crystalline α-Li₂IrO₃ using compressive Raman imaging.
  • To spatially and temporally track catalytic activation and charge accumulation during OER.
  • To compare OER mechanisms in crystalline catalysts with amorphous counterparts.

Main Methods:

  • Application of advanced compressive Raman imaging.
  • Spatially and temporally resolved tracking of vibrational modes.
  • In-situ analysis under various electrolytes and cycling conditions.

Main Results:

  • Uncovered concurrent, bias-dependent OER pathways in α-Li₂IrO₃.
  • Demonstrated bulk ion exchange for charge compensation at low overpotentials.
  • Observed surface redox site compensation at high overpotentials, similar to other crystalline catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • Charge compensation in crystalline catalysts can extend beyond the surface.
  • Compressive Raman imaging is a powerful tool for studying microscale reaction dynamics in catalysts and energy materials.
  • Findings advance understanding of OER mechanisms, potentially improving water electrolysis technologies.