The Use of Natural Products for Preventing Cognitive Decline/Providing Neuroprotection

Neurocognitive disorders are characterized by a decline in various components of cognitive function, resulting in a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Despite multiple efforts, there is still a lack of practical preventive and therapeutic approaches for these diseases, and current pharmaceuticals have failed to manage their progression. Consequently, this chapter aims to provide a concise overview of the existing preclinical and clinical evidence that explores the impact of plant-based therapies on the prevention and treatment of neurocognitive disorders.We thoroughly searched different web databases to identify preclinical and clinical studies that investigate the effect of plant-based medicines on cognitive function in animal models, as well as individuals who are healthy, those with mild cognitive decline, or those with Alzheimer's disease. We included studies that examined plant extracts, multi-component herbal preparations, and phytochemicals such as Nigella sativa Linn., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Ginkgo biloba, and Melissa officinalis. The neuroprotective effects of these plants were associated with their anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activities. None of the included studies reported severe adverse reactions.In conclusion, the results of the preclinical and clinical studies indicate the potential benefits of plant-based therapies on neurocognitive disorders. However, more extended and comprehensive clinical studies must confirm these findings thoroughly.