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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
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The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

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Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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DNA Packaging00:58

DNA Packaging

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Overview
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

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Creating a bacterium that forms eukaryotic nucleosome core particles.

Xinyun Jing1, Niubing Zhang1,2, Xiaojuan Zhou1,3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

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|September 27, 2024
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Summary

Scientists engineered eukaryotic nucleosomes in bacteria (Escherichia coli). This study reveals bacterial DNA and eukaryotic histones can form functional nucleosome complexes, offering insights into early cell evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Nucleosomes are fundamental to eukaryotic DNA organization and function.
  • Understanding nucleosome origins is key to deciphering eukaryogenesis.
  • Bacterial cells lack nucleosomes, relying on different DNA packaging mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer the in vivo assembly of eukaryotic nucleosome cores in Escherichia coli.
  • To investigate the compatibility of eukaryotic histones with bacterial chromosome DNA.
  • To explore the implications for understanding the origin of eukaryotes and nucleosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered Escherichia coli for in vivo expression of eukaryotic histones.
  • Utilized atomic force microscopy and tripartite split green fluorescent protein for visualization.
  • Performed long-term growth experiments and transcriptome analysis under varying conditions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully assembled nucleosome complexes in E. coli with features similar to eukaryotes.
  • Demonstrated bacterial cell viability and sustained growth with nucleosome formation.
  • Observed nucleosome array profiles in E. coli genic regions resembling eukaryotic patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Eukaryotic histones and bacterial DNA can form functional nucleosomes in vivo.
  • This compatibility may shed light on the ancient bacteria-archaea symbiosis leading to eukaryotes.
  • The study provides novel insights into eukaryogenesis and the evolutionary origin of the nucleosome.