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Emergency department triaging using ChatGPT based on emergency severity index principles: a cross-sectional study
Cansu Colakca1, Mehmet Ergın1,2, Habibe Selmin Ozensoy3
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Scientific Reports
|September 27, 2024
Summary
ChatGPT demonstrated moderate agreement in assessing patient urgency in emergency departments, showing promise for AI in triage. The artificial intelligence model achieved 76.6% accuracy, particularly excelling in identifying high-acuity cases.
Area of Science:
- Emergency Medicine
- Artificial Intelligence
- Clinical Triage
Background:
- Emergency departments (EDs) face challenges with erroneous and delayed patient triage.
- Artificial intelligence (AI) models like ChatGPT offer potential solutions for natural language processing tasks in healthcare.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the accuracy of ChatGPT in patient triage using the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) criteria.
- To compare AI-driven triage assessments with expert physician evaluations in an ED setting.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study included adult patients presenting to the ED within 24 hours.
- Patient data (demographics, chief complaint, vitals) were collected and standardized.
- An expert committee (EC) and ChatGPT simultaneously assessed patient urgency based on ESI criteria.
- The median EC decision served as the gold standard for comparison.
Main Results:
- A statistically significant moderate agreement was found between EC and ChatGPT (Cohen's Kappa = 0.659, P < 0.001).
- Overall accuracy of ChatGPT triage was 76.6%.
- High agreement (Cohen's Kappa = 0.828) was observed for predicting high-acuity ESI levels (1 and 2).
- ChatGPT showed high diagnostic specificity (95.63%), negative predictive value (98.17%), and accuracy (94.90%) for high-acuity categories.
Conclusions:
- ChatGPT can effectively differentiate patients requiring urgent care in the ED.
- AI-powered tools show promise for integration into ED triage processes.
- Further research is warranted to explore the full potential of AI in optimizing emergency care.
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