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Related Concept Videos

Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics
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Robust tissue pattern formation by coupling morphogen signal and cell adhesion.

Kosuke Mizuno1,2,3, Tsuyoshi Hirashima4,5, Satoshi Toda6,7

  • 1WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.

EMBO Reports
|September 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells use morphogen gradients and adhesion to form precise tissue patterns. This study reveals how cadherin-based adhesion refines patterns, creating sharp boundaries and uniform domains for tissue engineering.

Keywords:
CadherinCell AdhesionMorphogenPattern FormationSynthetic Biology

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cellular Biophysics

Background:

  • Morphogens guide tissue patterning via concentration gradients.
  • Mechanisms linking morphogen diffusion to precise spatial patterns amidst biological noise are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cells respond to diffusing morphogens to generate tissue patterns.
  • To explore the role of cell adhesion in morphogen-driven tissue patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Development of SYMPLE3D, a novel 3D culture platform.
  • Engineering gene expression responsive to artificial morphogens.
  • Analyzing the interplay between morphogen signaling and cadherin-based adhesion.

Main Results:

  • Coupling morphogen signals with cadherin-based adhesion converts gradients into distinct tissue domains.
  • Morphogen-induced cadherins aggregate activated cells, eliminating ectopic cells.
  • Switch-like induction of cadherin-mediated compaction and cell mixing creates uniformly activated domains with sharp boundaries.

Conclusions:

  • Cooperation between morphogen gradients and cell adhesion ensures robust tissue patterning.
  • This study introduces a novel method for engineering new tissue domains in organoids.