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Attentional templates for target features versus locations.

Mikel Jimenez1, Ziyi Wang2, Anna Grubert2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. mikel.jimenez@durham.ac.uk.

Scientific Reports
|September 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Visual working memory can guide search using both "what" (color) and "where" (location) information. Both types of attentional templates guide visual search efficiently, even with multiple targets.

Keywords:
Attentional templatesERPFeature-based attentionN2pcSpatial attentionVisual attention

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Visual search relies on attentional templates in visual working memory.
  • These templates typically define target features like color.
  • The role of spatial properties in attentional templates is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if attentional templates include spatial target properties.
  • To compare the efficiency of feature-based versus location-based attentional guidance.
  • To examine how search efficiency is affected by cognitive load.

Main Methods:

  • Used semantic color and location cues to prime search displays.
  • Compared selection efficiency under low-load (one target) and high-load (two targets) conditions.
  • Combined behavioral measures (speed, accuracy) with electrophysiological data (N2pc).

Main Results:

  • Color search was highly efficient, even with multiple targets, suggesting global spatial attention.
  • Location-based search showed similar efficiency to color search under varying loads.
  • Multiple location templates were activated concurrently when two locations were relevant.

Conclusions:

  • Attentional templates can incorporate spatial target properties, similar to feature properties.
  • Both feature-based and location-based attentional guidance are efficient.
  • Findings support independent spatial and feature-based selection mechanisms within a common neural network.