Senescence Rejuvenation through Reduction in Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Polygonum cuspidatum
Jee Hee Yoon1, Ye Hyang Kim2, Eun Young Jeong2
1Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the major causes of senescence. Strategies to reduce ROS are known to be important factors in reversing senescence, but effective strategies have not been found. In this study, we screened substances commonly used as cosmetic additives to find substances with antioxidant effects. Polygonum cuspidatum (P. cuspidatum) extract significantly reduced ROS levels in senescent cells. A novel mechanism was discovered in which P. cuspidatum extract reduced ROS, a byproduct of inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), by increasing OXPHOS efficiency. The reduction in ROS by P. cuspidatum extract restored senescence-associated phenotypes and enhanced skin protection. Then, we identified polydatin as the active ingredient of P. cuspidatum extract that exhibited antioxidant effects. Polydatin, which contains stilbenoid polyphenols that act as singlet oxygen scavengers through redox reactions, increased OXPHOS efficiency and subsequently restored senescence-associated phenotypes. In summary, our data confirmed the effects of P. cuspidatum extract on senescence rejuvenation and skin protection through ROS reduction. This novel finding may be used as a treatment in senescence rejuvenation in clinical and cosmetic fields.
Insights
Polygonum cuspidatum extract reduces cellular oxidative stress by improving mitochondrial efficiency, thereby reversing aging signs and protecting skin. This cosmetic antioxidant offers a novel approach to senescence rejuvenation.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Cellular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a primary driver of cellular senescence.
- Current strategies to mitigate ROS and reverse senescence are limited.
- Cosmetic additives are explored for potential antioxidant and anti-senescence properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To screen cosmetic additives for antioxidant effects relevant to senescence.
- To elucidate the mechanism by which Polygonum cuspidatum extract reduces ROS.
- To evaluate the potential of P. cuspidatum extract and its active compounds in senescence reversal and skin protection.
Main Methods:
- Screening of cosmetic additives for antioxidant activity in senescent cells.
- Analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) efficiency.
- Identification of active compounds within P. cuspidatum extract.
- Assessment of senescence-associated phenotypes and skin protection.
Main Results:
- Polygonum cuspidatum extract significantly reduced ROS levels in senescent cells.
- The extract enhanced OXPHOS efficiency, leading to decreased ROS production.
- Polydatin was identified as the key active ingredient, acting as a singlet oxygen scavenger.
- Treatment restored senescence-associated phenotypes and improved skin protection.
Conclusions:
- Polygonum cuspidatum extract rejuvenates senescent cells and protects skin by reducing ROS via enhanced mitochondrial efficiency.
- Polydatin is the active component responsible for these effects.
- This research presents a novel mechanism for senescence treatment in cosmetic and clinical applications.
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