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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines
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Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines

Published on: October 30, 2018

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Current Challenges of Vaccination in Fish Health Management.

Avnish Kumar1, Sushil Kumar Middha2, Soumya Vettiyatil Menon3

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra 282004, India.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|September 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Fish vaccination is crucial for aquaculture health, preventing significant economic losses from diseases. Emerging methods like feed-based vaccines offer promising solutions to improve fish health and reduce antibiotic use.

Keywords:
antibioticaquacultureenvironmental safetyfish infectious diseasesfish vaccineglobal market

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Area of Science:

  • Aquaculture
  • Fish immunology
  • Preventive veterinary medicine

Background:

  • Aquaculture is vital for global protein supply, with inland aquaculture facing production declines and significant economic losses due to infectious diseases.
  • Fish diseases caused over 10% loss of aquatic animals in 2014, costing billions globally.
  • Vaccination is essential for fish health management, particularly in broodstocks and seed production, to mitigate disease-related losses in aquaculture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of fish vaccination in aquaculture for disease prevention and economic loss mitigation.
  • To discuss the current challenges and emerging strategies in fish vaccination.
  • To explore alternative vaccination methods that reduce environmental contamination and antibiotic reliance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current fish vaccine types including whole-killed pathogens, protein subunits, recombinant proteins, DNA, and live-attenuated vaccines.
  • Analysis of emerging vaccination administration routes such as intramuscular, intraperitoneal, oral, and feed-based methods (top dressing, incorporated into feed).
  • Discussion of challenges in vaccine adoption, administration, adjuvant use, and efficacy in aquaculture.

Main Results:

  • Fish vaccination is a key strategy to prevent significant economic losses in aquaculture.
  • Emerging vaccination methods, including feed-based approaches, show promise for wider adoption and reduced environmental impact.
  • New strategies aim to overcome challenges in vaccine efficacy and administration, potentially reducing antibiotic use.

Conclusions:

  • Fish vaccination is critical for the sustainability of the aquaculture sector.
  • Innovative vaccination strategies are emerging to improve efficacy and overcome current limitations.
  • The shift towards advanced vaccination methods can reduce antibiotic dependence and environmental contamination in aquaculture.