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Gender Differences in Prefrontal Cortex Response to Negative Emotional Stimuli in Drivers.

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  • 1Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research, Dr. Pifarré Foundation, 25198 Lleida, Spain.

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Male drivers with dissociative driving styles show reduced prefrontal brain activity when viewing accident images. This contrasts with female drivers, indicating a link between driving behavior, emotional processing, and road safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Road Safety

Background:

  • Road safety is a key governmental concern, with driver behavior significantly impacting accident rates.
  • Emotional regulation plays a crucial role in driving safety, yet prefrontal cortex activity during emotion processing shows variability.
  • Previous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies have yielded inconsistent findings regarding prefrontal cortex responses to emotional stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamic responses to negative emotional stimuli, specifically traffic accident images.
  • To examine how age and gender influence PFC activity in response to traffic-related emotional stimuli.
  • To explore the relationship between driving styles and PFC activation during emotional image perception.

Main Methods:

  • 118 male and 84 female drivers participated, assessed using the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI).
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) monitored prefrontal oxygenation levels.
  • Participants viewed both traffic accident and neutral images to compare brain activity.

Main Results:

  • Women perceived traffic accident and neutral images as lower in valence compared to men.
  • Significant differences in arousal were observed for traffic accident images between genders.
  • An inverse correlation was found between dissociative driving style scores and prefrontal oxygenation.
  • Male drivers exhibited greater prefrontal oxygenation differences between hemispheres when viewing neutral versus accident images.

Conclusions:

  • Maladaptive driving styles, particularly dissociative traits in male drivers, are associated with reduced prefrontal oxygenation when exposed to emotional and neutral images.
  • This neurophysiological response pattern was not observed in female drivers.
  • No significant age-related differences were found in the observed prefrontal activity patterns.