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Development of Seizures Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Study
Margaret Moran1,2,3, Brooke Lajeunesse1,2,3, Travis Kotzur1
1School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|September 28, 2024
Summary
Post-Traumatic Seizures (PTS) occur in 4.95% of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients. Traumatic subdural hematoma increases seizure risk, while PTS show lower mortality, warranting further study.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Trauma Surgery
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) presents significant healthcare challenges, including the risk of Post-Traumatic Seizures (PTS).
- Understanding the incidence and risk factors for PTS is crucial for patient management and outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of Post-Traumatic Seizures (PTS) following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).
- To identify risk factors associated with the development of PTS.
- To analyze demographic variables, hospital outcomes, and mortality in TBI patients with and without PTS.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016-2020 in the United States.
- Analyzed primary TBI admissions, querying for concurrent seizure development.
- Examined demographic data, diagnoses, TBI subtypes, hospital charges, length of stay (LOS), and mortality.
Main Results:
- The incidence of PTS in TBI patients was found to be 4.95%.
- Traumatic subdural hematoma (SDH) was identified as a significant predictor of increased seizure risk (OR 1.38 [1.32-1.43], p < 0.001).
- Patients with PTS had a longer length of stay but paradoxically lower in-hospital mortality (6% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- This study establishes the incidence of PTS following TBI and highlights SDH as a key risk factor.
- The observed lower mortality in PTS patients requires further investigation into its multifactorial causes.
- Recommendations include early seizure prophylaxis, vigilant monitoring, and equitable healthcare access to mitigate seizure incidence and understand mortality trends.
