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Neurofilament Light Chain as Biomarker in Encephalitis
Sven Wellmann1, Tobias Geis1, Jens Kuhle2
1University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany.
Abstract:
Inflammation of the brain is called encephalitis and may result in acute and chronic brain damage. Encephalitis can be caused by various pathogens, especially neurotropic viruses, or can occur in the context of autoimmune diseases. Encephalitis is often difficult to diagnose and to monitor precisely during the course of the disease. Thanks to highly specific detection technology, components of the neuron skeleton, such as neurofilaments, can now be reliably quantified in the peripheral blood besides cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Among them, neurofilament light chain (NfL) has demonstrated wide utility due to high preanalytical stability, robust diagnostic technology, and excellent reproducibility. We provide an overview of how NfL has advanced diagnostics in encephalitis and outline future avenues in research needs and possible clinical applicability of NfL in adults and children.
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