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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

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Cannabis Use Variations and Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review.

Jan van Amsterdam1,2, Wim van den Brink1,2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|September 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cannabis smoking, unlike vaping or edibles, independently increases myocardial infarction (MI) risk, even in non-tobacco users. This highlights combustion as a key factor in cannabis-related cardiovascular events.

Keywords:
cannabiscarbon monoxidecoronary heart diseaseediblesmarijuanamyocardial infarctionsmokingvaping

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology
  • Cannabis and Public Health
  • Toxicology of Smoke Inhalation

Background:

  • Cannabis use is linked to increased coronary heart disease (CHD), including myocardial infarction (MI) and angina pectoris (AP).
  • The independent risk of cannabis use for MI is unclear due to frequent co-use with tobacco.
  • Investigating the specific risks associated with different cannabis consumption methods (smoking, vaping, edibles) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if cannabis is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI).
  • To compare the cardiovascular risk of MI across different cannabis consumption methods: smoking, vaping, and edibles.
  • To assess the impact of concurrent tobacco use on cannabis-related MI risk.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searches performed across Medline (PubMed), Embase, and Google Scholar databases.
  • Analysis of 22 eligible studies to evaluate associations between cannabis use and MI.

Main Results:

  • Cannabis smoking showed a significant association with MI (aORs 1.03–5.24) even after adjusting for tobacco use.
  • Frequent cannabis smoking posed a significant MI risk (aOR = 1.88) even in individuals who never used tobacco.
  • Cannabis vaping and ingestion (non-smoking forms) were not significantly associated with increased cardiovascular risk (frequent use: aOR = 1.00 ns; current use: aOR = 1.31 ns).

Conclusions:

  • Cannabis smoking may independently trigger myocardial infarction (MI), similar to tobacco smoking.
  • Non-combustible cannabis consumption methods like vaping and ingestion appear less harmful.
  • Reduced harm from vaping/ingestion likely stems from avoiding toxins present in cannabis smoke, such as carbon monoxide.