Wine, Polyphenols, and the Matrix Effect: Is Alcohol Always the Same?
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.The wine matrix effect significantly influences the bioavailability and biological activity of beneficial compounds like polyphenols. Ignoring this effect can lead to misleading health conclusions regarding wine consumption.
Area Of Science
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Nutritional Science
- Food Chemistry
Background
- Research on wine and health yields contradictory results, often lacking a holistic approach from molecular to medical conclusions.
- The concept of the phytocomplex, vehicle, and Matrix effect in biological systems is underexplored.
- Interactions within herbal matrices, like wine, create unique biological responses distinct from isolated compounds.
Purpose Of The Study
- To review the concept of the phytocomplex and the Matrix effect in wine.
- To analyze the biological activities of key compounds like Tyrosol, Hydroxytyrosol, and Resveratrol within the wine matrix.
- To highlight the importance of the wine Matrix effect on compound bioavailability and alcohol metabolite carcinogenicity.
Main Methods
- Literature review focusing on molecular, pharmacological, and epidemiological studies.
- Analysis of the "Matrix effect" concept in relation to wine's phytocomplex.
- Discussion of specific compounds (Tyrosol, Hydroxytyrosol, Resveratrol) and their interactions.
Main Results
- The wine Matrix effect significantly impacts the bioavailability of beneficial compounds and can inhibit the carcinogenicity of alcohol metabolites.
- Interactions among molecules in the wine matrix elicit responses different from single constituents.
- Underestimating the Matrix effect can lead to inaccurate conclusions about dealcoholized wine or supplements.
Conclusions
- The wine Matrix effect is crucial for understanding its health implications, influencing both beneficial compound bioavailability and alcohol's toxicity.
- Future research should consider the holistic Matrix effect, aligning with WHO recommendations to explore non-alcohol components.
- Neglecting the Matrix effect risks overemphasizing single compound toxicity (e.g., alcohol) while ignoring synergistic protective actions of polyphenols.
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Figure 1. Loss of proton
Figure 2. Gain of proton
Methanol (pKa = 15.5) is the only...
Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of...
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
(i) loss of one or more electrons,
(ii) loss of hydrogen,
(iii) addition of oxygen.
Oxidation is the opposite process of reduction, and hence, as carbonyls are reduced to alcohols, alcohols are oxidized to...
Drug interactions are a critical aspect of pharmacology and can occur when two or more drugs compete for the same binding site. This competition can result in one drug displacing another, altering the effect of the displaced drug. Drug interactions are complex processes that rely heavily on how much of the displacer drug is present and how strongly it can bind to the same sites as the displaced drug.
Displacement interactions can have varying outcomes, ranging from toxicity to virtually...
Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...