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The Hidden Relationship between Intestinal Microbiota and Immunological Modifications in Preeclampsia Pathogenesis

Enrica Zambella1, Beatrice Peruffo1, Alice Guarano2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 28, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication, may be linked to gut microbiota changes. Research suggests a connection between intestinal dysbiosis and immune system alterations in preeclamptic women.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy disorder marked by high blood pressure and organ involvement.
  • It significantly impacts maternal and neonatal health, potentially causing long-term maternal health issues.
  • The gut microbiota influences the immune system and may play a role in preeclampsia development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immune system's role in preeclampsia pathogenesis.
  • To summarize current literature on the link between preeclampsia and intestinal microbiota alterations.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of studies published in PubMed and Embase from January 1990 to March 2024.
  • Focus on studies comparing microbial composition and immune effects in preeclamptic versus non-preeclamptic individuals.

Main Results:

  • Preeclampsia is potentially associated with intestinal dysbiosis.
  • Preeclamptic women exhibit elevated endotoxin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and T helper 17 cells.
  • Specific microbial and metabolite contributions to immune imbalance in preeclampsia require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Alterations in the intestinal microbiota may contribute to the immune dysregulation observed in preeclampsia.
  • Further research is needed to identify specific microbial factors and metabolites involved in preeclampsia pathogenesis.

Keywords:
gestational hypertensiongut metabolomegut microbiotahypertensive pregnancy disorderpreeclampsia

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