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Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand,...
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A voltage doubler circuit integrates two main components: a clamping section and a rectifier section. The clamping section consists of a capacitor (C1) and a diode (D1), whereas the rectifier section is equipped with another diode (D2) and capacitor (C2). This circuit produces an output voltage with twice the amplitude of the sinusoidal input voltage.
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A three-phase AC generator has a rotor with a rotating magnet placed within the stator mounted with the stationary three-phase winding to generate three-phase voltages via mutual induction. These windings are evenly distributed around the inner circumference of the stator and are arranged 120 electrical degrees apart. Three-phase stator windings consist of three separate coils or groups of coils, known as phases, each connected in Y (star) configuration or Delta configuration.
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Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
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Operator-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator Power Management and Output Voltage Control.

Chengyao Liu1, Ryusei Shimane1, Mingcong Deng1

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Summary

This study introduces an operator-based voltage control for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), enabling stable output voltage without extra compensators. The method enhances energy harvesting and management systems.

Keywords:
circuit modeloperator theorypower managementrobust right coprime factorizationtriboelectric nanogenerator

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Harvesting

Background:

  • Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer a promising avenue for energy harvesting due to their ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • However, TENGs exhibit high-voltage, low-current pulsating outputs, posing challenges for efficient power management and stable voltage delivery.
  • Existing control methods often require complex compensators, increasing system complexity and cost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an operator-based voltage control strategy for TENGs.
  • To design a simulation-capable circuit model for TENGs, including essential electrical characteristics.
  • To establish a robust TENG power management system capable of stable voltage output under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive circuit model for TENGs was developed, incorporating open-circuit voltage and variable capacitance.
  • A storage capacitor switching model was designed to manage the pulsating energy output from TENGs.
  • An operator theory-based control strategy was implemented, integrated with a buck converter and unified control, to ensure voltage stability without compensators.

Main Results:

  • The developed TENG model accurately simulated system behavior with rectifier bridges and capacitive loads.
  • The proposed control strategy successfully achieved steady output voltage under varying load conditions, demonstrating uncertainty suppression.
  • Simulation results confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the TENG system and its control strategy.

Conclusions:

  • The operator-based voltage control method provides a robust and efficient solution for TENG energy harvesting.
  • The integrated power management system simplifies TENG applications by eliminating the need for external compensators.
  • This research offers a significant advancement for optimizing TENG performance and practical implementation.