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Tooth Loss in Periodontitis Patients-A Risk Factor for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and
Bhawna Agarwal1, Maria Eleonora Bizzoca2, Gennaro Musella2
1School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
Journal of Personalized Medicine
|September 28, 2024
Summary
Periodontal disease and tooth loss may increase the risk of mild cognitive impairment in adults over 50. More research is needed to confirm this link between oral health and cognitive decline.
Area of Science:
- Oral health and cognitive function
- Systemic inflammation and neurological health
Background:
- Periodontal disease and tooth loss are potential risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
- Mechanisms may involve systemic inflammation, direct neurological effects, malnutrition, or reduced neurosensory input.
- Brain atrophy is a potential consequence of these factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review existing literature on the link between periodontal disease, tooth loss, and mild cognitive impairment.
- To examine the evidence supporting the association between oral health status and cognitive decline.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review using the PEO framework.
- Searched Embase, Medline, DOSS, Google Scholar, and conducted hand searches up to April 2023.
- Assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
Main Results:
- Chronic periodontitis and tooth loss, individually or combined, were associated with an increased risk of mild cognitive decline in adults over 50.
- The evidence suggests a contribution of periodontitis and tooth loss to increased risk of MCI and dementia.
- The current evidence supporting this association is not yet strong.
Conclusions:
- Further robustly designed studies are required to investigate the link between periodontal disease, tooth loss, and cognitive decline.
- Longer follow-up durations are necessary for future research in this area.
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