Biosensing Technologies for Detecting Legionella in Environmental Samples: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Environmental microbiology
• Biotechnology
• Public health

Background:

• Legionella detection is vital for public health, but traditional methods are slow and require labs.
• Biosensors present a faster, more accessible alternative for environmental Legionella monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current advancements in biosensor development for detecting Legionella in environmental samples.
• To evaluate different biosensing techniques, their performance, and integration with new technologies.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search using keywords 'Legionella', 'biosensors', 'environmental samples', and 'water'.
• PRISMA methodology applied to filter 1268 records down to 65 relevant full-text articles.
• Evaluation of optical, electrochemical, magnetic, and mass-sensitive biosensor techniques.

Main Results:

• Various biosensing techniques show promise for Legionella detection with differing sensitivities and detection limits.
• Integration of nanomaterials, microfluidics, and portable devices enhances biosensor performance.
• Challenges and future directions for routine environmental monitoring are identified.

Conclusions:

• Biosensors are crucial for early Legionella detection and management, enhancing public health safety.
• Further development can lead to widespread implementation of biosensors in routine environmental monitoring.