Nutrition and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Practice-Based Research Network

Area of Science:

• Periodontology
• Nutritional Science
• Public Health

Background:

• Limited practice-based research exists on diet's impact on periodontal health in Germany.
• A gap in understanding the correlation between dietary behavior and periodontal inflammatory parameters in a German population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the correlation between the overall periodontal inflammatory surface area (PISA) and periodontal clinical parameters with dietary behavior in a German patient cohort.
• To conduct a proof-of-concept study within a practice-based research network.

Main Methods:

• A practice-based research network involving eight Master's graduates recruited patients.
• Periodontal examinations and dietary behavior assessments using a digital validated retrospective dietary recall (DEGS/RKI) were performed.
• Statistical analyses included linear regression models and unpaired t-tests, with data classified according to recommended daily intake.

Main Results:

• Analysis of 1283 teeth revealed 60.25% required treatment; average PISA was 753.16 mm².
• The population exhibited excessive intake of extrinsic sugars and fats, with insufficient fiber and legume consumption.
• Reduced PISA, PPD, CAL, and BOP were associated with adequate intake of water-soluble fibers, specific fatty acids, vitamins (D, B1, B2, B6, B12), iron, and zinc.

Conclusions:

• Nutrition significantly influences periodontal health.
• The study highlights the link between dietary patterns and periodontal inflammatory markers.
• Further research with larger cohorts and longitudinal designs is warranted.