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Exploring the Effect of an Obesity-Prevention Intervention on Various Child Subgroups: A Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis

Elizabeth Mannion1, Kristine Bihrmann1, Sandra Plachta-Danielzik2,3

  • 1National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Nutrients
|September 28, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Childhood obesity interventions may be more effective when tailored to baseline physical activity levels. Specific activities, like avoiding screen time and participating in sports clubs, showed significant impacts on preventing overweight and obesity in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric obesity prevention research
  • Public health interventions
  • Childhood overweight and obesity

Background:

  • The Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS) found no overall effect of a multicomponent school intervention on children's weight status.
  • Authors suggested potential subgroup variations in treatment effects may exist.
  • Data from KOPS included 6-year-olds (1996-2001) with 4-year follow-up measurements (2000-2004).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a post hoc subgroup analysis of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS).
  • To investigate if children's baseline physical activity moderates treatment effects on overweight and obesity outcomes.
  • To identify subgroups that may benefit more from obesity prevention interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A generalized linear mixed-effects model was employed for the analysis.
  • A treatment-subgroup interaction term was included to assess moderation effects.
  • The study analyzed the odds of obesity or overweight at 4-year follow-up in 1646 children.

Main Results:

  • Children whose baseline physical activity excluded TV/PC use had significantly lower odds of obesity (OR, 0.04; p=0.02).
  • Children with weekly sports club activity at baseline had decreased odds of overweight (OR, 0.38; p=0.04).
  • These physical activity indicators significantly moderated treatment effects on weight status.

Conclusions:

  • Baseline physical activity levels are crucial for the effectiveness of childhood obesity interventions.
  • Tailoring interventions based on children's physical activity habits can enhance obesity prevention.
  • Identifying specific activity patterns can optimize intervention strategies for preventing overweight and obesity.
Abstract

Keywords:
childhood obesitydietary interventionobesity preventionphysical activitysubgroup analysis

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